The Governments Control of Freedom essays

The Governments Control of Freedom essays People are always fighting against the government's control of freedom. What are they fighting for? Are they fighting for absolute freedom? What is absolute freedom? How much freedom do we have to sacrifice to keep our freedom protected? Is the freedom we One of the major reasons freedom is so desirable is because many of the limitations by the government on freedom are disallowing humans the right to have control over their bodies. Control of the human body is the only thing that people have power over. When the government can take away your choice to smoke, tell you when to wear a seatbelt, set laws to limit your right to do what you want to your body, or decide what constitutes a religion we should all be concerned! To preserve the Bill of Rights for ourselves, we must defend them for everybody. A large number of the prohibited freedoms are crimes where the criminal makes himself the victim. For example, the use of drugs, prostitution, suicide, vagrancy, possession of illegal substance, dodging the draft, entering the country illegally, and disregard for the age limits set on the purchase of pornographic materials. All of these crimes are punishable under the law. These crimes are set apart from most others because the person willingly chooses to victimize themselves. What people choose to do to themselves, in my opinion is the least of our worries as a country or a society. The last thing the government should have control over is what you choose to do to yourself. As long as you are not directly harming anyone else in the process, the government should not waste their time and money on something that is so trivial in comparison to crimes involving a victim. In general, people do not agree with the government controlling what they can and cannot do to ...

Typhoid Mary, Who Spread Typhoid in Early 1900s

Typhoid Mary, Who Spread Typhoid in Early 1900s Mary Mallon (September 23, 1869–November 11, 1938), known as Typhoid Mary, was the cause of several typhoid outbreaks. Since Mary was the first healthy carrier of typhoid fever recognized in the United States, she did not understand how someone not sick could spread disease- so she tried to fight back. Fast Facts: Mary Mallon ('Typhoid Mary') Known For: Unknowing (and knowing) carrier of typhoid feverBorn: September 23, 1869 in Cookstown, IrelandParents: John and Catherine Igo MallonDied: November 11, 1938 in the Riverside Hospital, North Brother Island, BronxEducation: UnknownSpouse: NoneChildren: None Early Life Mary Mallon was born on September 23, 1869, in Cookstown, Ireland; her parents were John and Catherine Igo Mallon, but other than that, little is known of her life. According to what she told friends, Mallon emigrated to America in 1883, around the age of 15, living with an aunt and uncle. Like most Irish immigrant women, Mallon found a job as a domestic servant. Finding she had a talent for cooking, Mallon became a cook, which paid better wages than many other domestic service positions. Cook for the Summer Vacation For the summer of 1906, New York banker Charles Henry Warren wanted to take his family on vacation. They rented a summer home from George Thompson and his wife in Oyster Bay, Long Island. The Warrens hired Mary Mallon to be their cook for the summer. On August 27, one of the Warrens daughters became ill with typhoid fever. Soon, Mrs. Warren and two maids became ill as well, followed by the gardener and another Warren daughter. In total, six of the 11 people in the house came down with typhoid. Since the common way typhoid spread was through water or food sources, the owners of the home feared they would not be able to rent the property again without first discovering the source of the outbreak. The Thompsons first hired investigators to find the cause, but they were unsuccessful. George Soper, Investigator The Thompsons then hired George Soper, a civil engineer with experience in typhoid fever outbreaks. It was Soper who believed the recently hired cook, Mary Mallon, was the cause. Mallon had left the Warren house approximately three weeks after the outbreak. Soper began to research her employment history for more clues. Soper was able to trace Mallons employment history back to 1900. He found that typhoid outbreaks had followed Mallon from job to job. From 1900 to 1907, Soper found that Mallon had worked at seven jobs in which 22 people had become ill, including one young girl who died with typhoid fever shortly after Mallon had come to work for them. Soper was satisfied that this was much more than a coincidence; yet, he needed stool and blood samples from Mallon to scientifically prove she was the carrier. Capture  of Typhoid Mary In March 1907, Soper found Mallon working as a cook in the home of Walter Bowen and his family. To get samples from Mallon, he approached her at her place of work.   I had my first talk with Mary in the kitchen of this house. ... I was as diplomatic as possible, but I had to say I suspected her of making people sick and that I wanted specimens of her urine, feces and blood. It did not take Mary long to react to this suggestion. She seized a carving fork and advanced in my direction. I passed rapidly down the long narrow hall, through the tall iron gate, ... and so to the sidewalk. I felt rather lucky to escape. This violent reaction from Mallon did not stop Soper; he proceeded to track  Mallon to her home. This time, he brought an assistant (Dr. Bert Raymond Hoobler) for support. Again, Mallon became enraged, made clear they were unwelcome and shouted expletives at them as they made a hurried departure. Realizing it was going to take more persuasiveness than he was able to offer, Soper handed his research and hypothesis over to Hermann Biggs at the New York City Health Department. Biggs agreed with Sopers hypothesis. Biggs sent Dr. S. Josephine Baker to talk to Mallon. Mallon, now extremely suspicious of these health officials, refused to listen to Baker, who then returned with the aid of five police officers and an ambulance. Mallon was prepared this time. Baker describes the scene: Mary was on the lookout and peered out, a long kitchen fork in her hand like a rapier. As she lunged at me with the fork, I stepped back, recoiled on the policeman and so confused matters that, by the time we got through the door, Mary had disappeared. Disappear is too matter-of-fact a word; she had completely vanished. Baker and the police searched the house. Eventually, footprints were spotted leading from the house to a chair placed next to a fence. Over the fence was a neighbors property. They spent five hours searching both properties, until, finally, they found a tiny scrap of blue calico caught in the door of the area way closet under the high outside stairway leading to the front door. Baker describes the emergence of Mallon from the closet: She came out fighting and swearing, both of which she could do with appalling efficiency and vigor. I made another effort to talk to her sensibly and asked her again to let me have the specimens, but it was of no use. By that time she was convinced that the law was wantonly persecuting her, when she had done nothing wrong. She knew she had never had typhoid fever; she was maniacal in her integrity. There was nothing I could do but take her with us. The policemen lifted her into the ambulance and I literally sat on her all the way to the hospital; it was like being in a cage with an angry lion. Mallon was taken to the Willard Parker Hospital in New York. There, samples were taken and examined; typhoid bacilli was found in her stool. The health department then transferred Mallon to an isolated cottage (part of the Riverside Hospital) on North Brother Island (in the East River near the Bronx). Can the Government Do This? Mary Mallon was taken by force and against her will and was held without a trial. She had not broken any laws. So how could the government lock her up in isolation indefinitely? Thats not easy to answer. The health officials were basing their power on sections 1169 and 1170 of the Greater New York Charter: The board of health shall use all reasonable means for ascertaining the existence and cause of disease or peril to life or health, and for averting the same, throughout the city. [Section 1169] Said board may remove or cause to be removed to [a] proper place to be by it designated, any person sick with any contagious, pestilential or infectious disease; shall have exclusive charge and control of the hospitals for the treatment of such cases. [Section 1170] This charter was written before anyone knew of healthy carriers- people who seemed healthy but carried a contagious form of a disease that could infect others. Health officials believed healthy carriers to be more dangerous than those sick with the disease because there is no way to visually identify a healthy carrier in order to avoid them. But to many, locking up a healthy person seemed wrong. Isolated on North Brother Island Mary Mallon herself believed she was being unfairly persecuted. She could not understand how she could have spread disease and caused a death when she, herself, seemed healthy. I never had typhoid in my life, and have always been healthy. Why should I be banished like a leper and compelled to live in solitary confinement with only a dog for a companion? In 1909, after having been isolated for two years on North Brother Island, Mallon sued the health department. During Mallons confinement, health officials had taken and analyzed stool samples from Mallon approximately once a week. The samples came back intermittently positive for typhoid, but mostly positive (120 of 163 samples tested positive).   For nearly a year preceding the trial, Mallon also sent samples of her stool to a private lab where all her samples tested negative for typhoid. Feeling healthy and with her own lab results, Mallon believed she was being held unfairly.   This contention that I am a perpetual menace in the spread of typhoid germs is not true. My own doctors say I have no typhoid germs. I am an innocent human being. I have committed no crime and I am treated like an outcast- a criminal. It is unjust, outrageous, uncivilized. It seems incredible that in a Christian community a defenseless woman can be treated in this manner. Mallon did not understand a lot about typhoid fever and, unfortunately, no one tried to explain it to her. Not all people have a strong bout of typhoid fever; some people can have such a weak case that they only experience flu-like symptoms. Thus, Mallon could have had typhoid fever but never known it. Though commonly known at the time that typhoid could be spread by water or food products, people who are infected by the typhoid bacillus could also pass the disease from their infected stool onto food via unwashed hands. For this reason, infected persons who were cooks (like Mallon) or food handlers had the most likelihood of spreading the disease. The Verdict   The judge ruled in favor of the health officials and Mallon, now popularly known as Typhoid Mary, was remanded to the custody of the Board of Health of the City of New York.  Mallon went back to the isolated cottage on North Brother Island with little hope of being released. In February of 1910, a new health commissioner decided that Mallon could go free as long as she agreed never to work as a cook again. Anxious to regain her freedom, Mallon accepted the conditions. On February 19, 1910, Mary Mallon agreed that she was ...prepared to change her occupation (that of the cook), and will give assurance by affidavit that she will upon her release take such hygienic precautions as will protect those with whom she comes in contact, from infection.  She was then released.   Recapture of Typhoid Mary Some people believe that Mallon never had any intention of following the health officials rules; thus they believe Mallon had malicious intent with her cooking. But not working as a cook pushed Mallon into service in other domestic positions which did not pay as well. Feeling healthy, Mallon still did not really believe that she could spread typhoid. Though in the beginning, Mallon tried to be a laundress as well as worked at other jobs, for a reason that has not been left in any documents, Mallon eventually went back to working as a cook. In January of 1915 (nearly five years after Mallons release), the Sloane Maternity Hospital in Manhattan suffered a typhoid fever outbreak. Twenty-five people became ill and two of them died. Soon, evidence pointed to a recently-hired cook, Mrs. Brown- and Mrs. Brown was really Mary Mallon, using a pseudonym. If the public had shown Mary Mallon some  sympathy during her first period of confinement because she was an unwitting typhoid carrier, all of the sympathies disappeared after her recapture. This time, Typhoid Mary knew of her healthy carrier status, even if she didnt believe it; thus she willingly and knowingly caused pain and death to her victims. Using a pseudonym made even more people feel that Mallon knew she was guilty. Isolation and Death Mallon was again sent to North Brother Island to live in the same isolated cottage that she had inhabited during her last confinement. For 23 more years, Mary Mallon remained imprisoned on the island. The exact life she led on the island is unclear, but it is known that she helped around the tuberculosis  hospital, gaining the title nurse in 1922 and then hospital helper sometime later. In 1925, Mallon began to help in the hospitals lab. In December 1932, Mary Mallon suffered a large stroke that left her paralyzed. She was then transferred from her cottage to a bed in the childrens ward of the hospital on the island, where she stayed until her death six years later, on November 11, 1938. Other Healthy Carriers Though Mallon was the first carrier found, she was not the only healthy carrier of typhoid during that time. An estimated 3,000 to 4,500 new cases of typhoid fever were reported in New York City alone and it was estimated that about three percent of those who had typhoid fever become carriers, creating 90–135 new carriers a year. By the time Mallon died over 400 other healthy carriers had been identified in New York. Mallon was also not the most deadly. Forty-seven illnesses and three deaths were attributed to Mallon while Tony Labella (another healthy carrier) caused 122 people to become ill and five deaths. Labella was isolated for two weeks and then released. Mallon was not the only healthy carrier who broke the health officials rules after being told of their contagious status. Alphonse Cotils, a restaurant and bakery owner, was told not to prepare food for other people. When health officials found him back at work, they agreed to let him go free when he promised to conduct his business over the phone. Legacy So why is Mary Mallon so infamously remembered as Typhoid Mary? Why was she the only healthy carrier isolated for life? These questions are hard to answer. Judith Leavitt, the author of  Typhoid Mary, believes that her personal identity contributed to the extreme treatment she received from health officials. Leavitt claims that there was prejudice against Mallon not only for being Irish and a woman, but also for being a domestic servant, not having a family, not being considered a bread earner, having a temper, and not believing in her carrier status. During her life, Mary Mallon experienced extreme punishment for something in which she had no control and, for whatever reason, has gone down in history as the evasive and malicious Typhoid Mary. Sources Brooks, J. The Sad and Tragic Life of Typhoid Mary. CMAJ :154.6 (1996): 915–16. Print. Canadian Medical Association Journal (Journal de lAssociation medicale canadienne) Leavitt, Judith Walzer. Typhoid Mary: Captive to the Publics Health. Boston: Beacon Press, 1996.Marineli, Filio, et al. Mary Mallon (1869–1938) and the History of Typhoid Fever. Annals of Gastroenterology 26.2 (2013): 132–34. Print.Moorhead, Robert. William Budd and Typhoid Fever. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95.11 (2002): 561–64. Print.Soper, G. A. The Curious Career of Typhoid Mary. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 15.10 (1939): 698–712. Print.

Is People have become overly dependent on technology Essay

Is People have become overly dependent on technology - Essay Example Electricity and easy availability of water is also a great gift of technology. It has become part and parcel of one’s life as life without electricity would bring to halt the whole world. Electricity and power, that produce light, was probably the best technological invention that has inspired other technology driven gizmos to surface. The fan, bulbs, refrigerator, air-conditioner, mixer grinder etc. are important and useful items without which the life at home would be difficult to imagine now. The bullet trains and underground railway system cannot work without electricity. In fact, almost all the technology based gadgets use power, one way or another, to make them work. So electricity has become the single most vital technology that helps the contemporary society to live in comfort. The advent of computers and associated aids like, internet, printer, fax, etc. have redefined the concept of communication. It has become necessary part of one’s life and an essential business tool that can be applied over large number of areas to give businesses a competitive advantage. Internet has greatly facilitated access to knowledge which is increasingly being used for personal and business growth. Drucker (1998) has correctly stated that access to information is the basic requirement for the success of a firm. The use of computers and internet has helped to exploit tacit information to not only promote efficiency within the organization but also to gain leverage against their rivals in the industry. Use of technology in the area of education has brought in new ideas and innovation in teaching methodologies and learning. It has improved quality of education and at the same time, provided students with to tools to develop their learning skills for higher achievements. It has also been a great boon for students with disabilities as it significantly helps to improve

Some students have a background or story that is so central to their Essay - 3

Some students have a background or story that is so central to their identity that they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story - Essay Example My parents had to move because of their business trips and other work related issues, while I was to complete my education away from them. Constant moving was hindering my schooling and so they deemed it better if I stayed in a single place, even if it meant staying away from them. Often, we do not realize the sacrifices that our loved ones make for us and our mind just focuses on the negative aspects of it. I admit to having been through the same feelings where I focused more on the absence of my parents in my life. I used to think that they did not love me and that I was just an unwanted burden on their lives. When I used to look at the people around me and how children were happy with their parents, I felt awful from the inside. There was a void which my parents did not fill and the emptiness grew stronger with time. I resented being born many times. Whenever I came across families that were complete and children who were with their parents, not only did I feel sad but I used to g et jealous of them. I used to wonder a lot as to why I could not bond on such a level with my parents. The lack of influential figures in my life actually inflicted an empty wound. One day, I stumbled on the photographs of my parents when they were young. The photographs looked old but I could not help smiling at them because these photographs showed some of the happiest moments of my life. The photographs were of me and my parents in which I was very young, but I realized so were they. The youthfulness that my mother and father cherished had faded away by now and I realized the impact of time on them. At that very moment, something in me clicked and I concluded that I could not blame my parents for not being there for me. Love does not always require the physical presence of individuals but it is rather the linking of the souls. My parents got married after high school and they could not go to college. They had to work very

The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton :: The Outsiders SE Hinton

The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, published by puffin books in 2001. Pony boy is the little brother of Soda and Darry. Pony, Soda and Darry live together in the house, that their parents left them when they died in a car crash. Darry is 19 and a big muscly man who works two jobs to support his two little brothers. Soda is 16 going on 17 and looks a lot like a Greek god; he works at a car yard and dropped out of school because he needed to work to support the family. Pony is 14 and is an A student at school he likes to watch the sunset and is the narrator of this book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greasers are the poorest with not too much money at all. They drive fords and are much more laid back than the Soc’s. Greasers commit petty crimes and sometimes more serious ones. Greasers have long hair which they take great pride in; the Greasers wear older clothes and normally smoke far too much. The Greasers fight fair ‘â€Å"Skin fighting isn’t rough. It blows of steam better than anything.’† (p37) Greasers usually stick together but sometimes they can’t help throwing a punch or two. Soc’s are rich they have all the money and all the (cool) stuff. The Soc’s drive Mustangs and wear Madras ski jackets; they have social clubs and beat up people for the fun of it. Soc’s fight dirty and they drink and fight amongst themselves. They are the devils of society then its saviours. They are the presidents and the politicians when they get old and when there young, they get in trouble for crime and abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬Å"I’ll bet you watch sunsets, too.† I nodded. â€Å"I used to watch them, too, before I got so busy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (p50) Cherry Valance (a socy cheerleader) and Pony boy both watch the same sunset. The Soc’s and the Greasers both live in Tulsa.

Earth Catastrophes Essay

Doomsday: catastrophes that could end the Earth Many people throughout the world think that natural disasters, asteroid impacts, and pandemics do not have a great and long term effect on life on Earth; however this is not true. Today I’ll be only telling you about 3 of these possible disasters. One of the main possibilities of a catastrophe is an asteroid impact. For many years asteroids have come within 1000km of the Earth’s surface and then are pushed back. The chances of an asteroid slamming into Earth are a mere 450 to 1. If an asteroid does hit the Earth, it will send a shock wave all over the Earth and will destroy everything. Temperature will soar to 200â„Æ', everything will burn to ashes and the ocean will become steam. Planet Earth will become a giant fireball! In Yellowstone National Park there are many volcanic springs that erupt every hour sending out a large column of boiling water into the air. A few million years ago Yellowstone was alive with tremendous volcanoes spewing out lava uncontrollably for a few years. The carbon dioxide levels soared, and the surface temperature on Earth increased by 6â„Æ'. Scientists studying Yellowstone calculated that the magma beneath the surface is starting to rise fast. The disaster it will cause if it does happen will be apocalyptic to our modern world. Natural disasters may wreck cities, but what about a pandemic? In 1918 a pandemic swept across the world by ships and killed between 20 & 40 million people around the world. Today there are many forms of travel around the world; therefore a disease is likely to rapidly spread. Although antibiotics repel bacteria, there is a chance that one day we may not be so lucky! We can all help protect ourselves from these apocalyptic disasters, if we create awareness about them. NASA has already started to prepare for an asteroid impact by building a probe to gently push the asteroid of its path. More scientists from institutes all over the world have taken interest in Yellowstone’s volcanic activity. Every day in laboratories across the world medical scientists are searching for cures to diseases to help prevent a pandemic. So relax it’s not all doom and gloom! Farhaan Ahmed Grade 7 Dalgarno * For millions of year’s great ice ages, super volcano eruptions, gigantic earthquakes and plate tectonics shaped the Earth. * In the last 100 000 years no disaster has struck the Earth. * Scientists all over the world are discovering that there is pattern of catastrophic events across time. * Within the next 30 years or so, we headed for a huge natural disaster. * One of the main possibilities of a catastrophe is an asteroid impact. * For many years asteroids have come within 1000km of the Earth’s surface and then are pushed back. * Chances of an asteroid slamming into Earth mere 450 to 1. * I fan asteroid hit the Earth, it will send shock waves, magma and rock will shoot into the sky, temperatures will soar and oceans will boil. * In Yellowstone National Park there are many volcanic springs that erupt sending out a column of boiling water. * Millions years ago Yellowstone was alive with tremendous volcanoes. * The carbon dioxide levels soared, surface temperatures increased. * Scientists studying Yellowstone calculated that the magma beneath the surface is rising. * In 1918 a pandemic swept across the world killing between 20 & 40 million people. * Today there are many forms of travel; therefore a disease is likely to spread rapidly. * Chances of a pandemic aren’t so high because there are so many medical cures for diseases. * Studies in Denmark have shown too many antibiotics repel bacteria * We can all help protect ourselves from these apocalyptic disasters by creating awareness about them. * NASA has prepared for an asteroid impact by building a probe to push the asteroid. * Scientists from institutes all over the world have taken interest in Yellowstone’s volcanic activity to help us know more about volcanoes. * In labs across the world medical scientists are searching for cures to diseases to help prevent a pandemic.

[Fossil fuels are expected to continue supplying much of...

[Fossil fuels are expected to continue supplying much of the energy used worldwide. Although liquid fuels—mostly petroleum-based—remain the largest source of energy, the liquids share of world marketed energy consumption falls from 34 percent in 2010 to 28 percent in 2040, as projected high world oil prices lead many energy users to switch away from liquid fuels when feasible. http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/more_highlights.cfm] Competition Drilling Price Competition In the gas and oil drilling industry price competition isn’t as high as you would think for numerous reasons. Within the industry it is very monopolistic. In a recent energy article titled Energy Efficiency: May the Cheapest Fuel Win it states that the industry as a†¦show more content†¦They were then joined by Qatar, Indonesia, Libya, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Gabon and Angola. Recently though Ecuador,Indonesia, and Gabon have suspended or terminated their membership http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/25.htm. The mission of the OPEC is to â€Å"coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry†http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/23.htm. â€Å"Fair re turn on capital for those investing† is a huge understatement being that the average ROI of these countries is way over fair being that they control over 65% of the worlds oil reserves http://www.api.org/aboutoilgas/upload/oilprimer.pdf. This is where the competitiveness and disagreeing start between OPEC and Non-OPEC in that Non-OPEC do not agree with OPEC’s stockpile of crude oil not being released to the market. This forces Non-OPEC countries to produce and sell their barrels at full capacity. This is a problem because once production is slowed down and a shortage occurs the bargaining power of theShow MoreRelatedSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pages(Compiled) Table of Contents Unit 1 Measurement 5-10 Unit 2 Matter 11-48 Unit 3 Basic materials for maintaining life Air 49-54 Water 55-68 Food 69-71 Other biomolecules of life 72-76 Unit 4 Energy in the Community Electricity 77-78 Heat 78-81 Light 82-91 Sound 92 Simple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things inRead MoreEngineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine59558 Words   |  239 PagesMean Effective Pressure, 49 Torque and Power, 50 Dynamometers, 53 Air-Fuel Ratio and Fuel-Air Ratio, 55 Specific Fuel Consumption, 56 Engine Efficiencies, 59 Volumetric Efficiency, 60 Emissions, 62 Noise Abatement, 62 Conclusions-Working Equations, 63 Problems, 65 Design Problems, 67 , 3 ENGINE CYCLES 68 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 Air-Standard Cycles, 68 Otto Cycle, 72 Real Air-Fuel Engine Cycles, 81 SI Engine Cycle at Part Throttle, 83 Exhaust ProcessRead MoreExxon Mobile Capstone40455 Words   |  162 Pagesfor natural gas in heating homes and businesses and for generating electricity will grow by two percent annually between now and the year 2030. 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